| Recast | An implicit type of corrective feedback that reformulates or expands an ill-formed or incomplete utterance in an unobtrusive way. |
| L: I lost my road. T: Oh, yeah, I see, you lost your way. And then what happened? | |
| Clarification Request | An elicitation of a reformulation or repetition from a student. |
L: I want practice today, today. (grammatical error) T: I'm sorry? (clarification request) | |
| Metalinguistic Feedback | Provides "comments, information, or questions related to the well-formedness of the student's utterance" |
L: I am here since January. T: Well, okay, but remember we talked about the present perfect tense? | |
| Elicitation | A corrective technique that prompts the learner to self-correct. Elicitation and other prompts are more overt in their request for a response. |
| L: [to another student] What means this word? T: Uh, Luis, how do we say that in English? Whatdoes. . .? L: Ah, what does this word mean? | |
| Explicit Correction | A clear indication to the student that the form is incorrect and provision of a corrected form. |
L: When I have 12 years old . . . T: No, nothave. You mean, "when Iwas12 years old . . " | |
| Repetition | The teacher repeats the ill-formed part of the student's utterances, usually with a change in intonation. |
L: When I have 12 years old . . . T: When I was 12 years old . . . |
출처: Principles of Language Learning and Teaching(PLLT)
Positive Evidence / Negative Evidence
(다음에 정리해야 할 것)
Feedback
1. (1) Implicit Feedback
(2) Explicit Feedback
2. (1) Positive Feedback
(2) Negative Feedback
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