Words to memorize #1

1. expedient	[대개 명사 앞에는 안 씀] 행동이 편리한, 편의주의적인 [ADJ] If it is expedient to do something, it is useful or convenient to do it, even though it may not be morally right.
2. symbioses	1. (생물) (서로 다른 생물체 간의) 공생(共生)  2. (사람들・기업들 등 사이의) 공생 [NOUN] Symbiosis is a close relationship between two organisms of different kinds which benefits both organisms.
3. free-for-all	1. (모두가 자기 이익만을 위해서 싸우는) 무질서[혼란] 상태, 무한 경쟁  2. 난투극  [NOUN] A free-for-all is a situation in which several people or groups are trying to get something for  themselves and there are no controls on how they do it.
4. mastodons	(고생물) 마스토돈 ((코끼리 비슷한 동물)) [NOUN] any extinct elephant-like proboscidean mammal of the genus Mammut (or Mastodon), common in Pliocene times
5. propriety	1. [U] (행동의 도덕적・사회적) 적절성  2. [pl.] the proprieties 예의범절, 예절  [NOUN] Propriety is the quality of being socially or morally acceptable.
6. be turned on	= engage in
7. dismay	명사 [U] (충격을 받은 뒤의) 실망, 경악  동사 [타동사][VN] 경악하게 만들다, 크게 실망시키다  [NOUN] Dismay is a strong feeling of fear, worry, or sadness that is caused by something unpleasant and unexpected.[VERB] If you are dismayed by something, it makes you feel afraid, worried, or sad.
8. vat	통(특히 산업 현장에서, 액체를 담는 데 쓰는 대형 통) [NOUN] A vat is a large barrel or tank in which liquids can be stored.
9. foot the bill	비용을 부담하다 e.g. Once again it will be the taxpayer who has to foot the bill. (또 다시 비용은 납세자들이 부담해야 할 것이다.)
10. pluralist	1. 다원주의자 2. 겸임자, 겸직하는 사람; (특히 교회의) 성직 겸임자 [ADJ] A pluralist society is one in which many different groups and political parties are allowed to exist.
11. purist	순수주의자 [NOUN] A purist is a person who wants something to be totally correct or unchanged, especially something they know a lot about. [ADJ] Purist attitudes are the kind of attitudes that purists have.
12. hilarity	아주 우스움(재미있음) [NOUN] Hilarity is great amusement and laughter.
13. avow	맹세[공언]하다 [VERB] If you avow something, you admit it or declare it.
14. abhorent	[타동사][VN] (-rr-) [진행형으로는 쓰이지 않음] (격식) (특히 도덕적인 이유로) 혐오하다 [VERB] If you abhor something, you hate it very much, especially for moral reasons.
15. repulsive	1. 역겨운, 혐오스러운 2. (물리) 밀어내는 [ADJ] If you describe something or someone as repulsive, you mean that they are horrible and disgusting and you want to avoid them.
16. conjure	마술을 하다 [VERB] If you conjure something out of nothing, you make it appear as if by magic.
17. incorporate	= include, contatin(writing할 때 대체해서 쓰기 좋은 표현)
18. embargo	명사 (pl. -oes) ~ (on sth) 금수(禁輸) 조치, 통상 금지령  동사 [타동사][VN] (em・bar・goes , em・bargo・ing , em・bar・goed , em・bar・goed) 금수 조치하다  [NOUN] If one country or group of countries imposes an embargo against another, it forbids trade with that country.[VERB] If goods of a particular kind are embargoed, people are not allowed to import them from a particular country or export them to a particular country.
19. contemplation	1. 사색, 명상 2. 응시  [NOUN] It is a place of quiet contemplation.
20. nay	부사(참고: yea) 1. (구식) 그게 아니라(방금 한 말보다 더 강한 어구를 도입할 때 씀)  e.g. Such a policy is difficult, nay impossible. 그러한 정책은 힘들다. 그게 아니라 불가능하다. 2. (옛글투 또는 방언) 아니다(no) [ADV] You use nay in front of a stronger word or phrase which you feel is more correct than the one you have just used and helps to emphasize the point you are making. [CONVENTION] Nay is sometimes used to mean `no' when talking about people voting against something or refusing to give consent for something.